Basic Japanese

Level 3 - Sample

It's 9 o'clock, so it should be open.

It should be & be expected

deshoo - Conjecture or supposition; It should be, It must be

deshoo ka? - Indirect question

hazu desu - It should be, be expected

Level 3

It's 9 o'clock, so it should be open.

It should be & be expected

deshoo - Conjecture or supposition; It should be, It must be

deshoo ka? - Indirect question

hazu desu - It should be, be expected

Shall I call and ask if there are any rooms available?

Quoted Embedded Structures - Whether or not

ka doo ka, - "whether or not", "if or not"

ka, - Quoted Embedded Structures

-te mimasu - try to do

Stem + soo desu - It looks

I finally decided not to go back to my country.

Expressing one's decision

koto ni shimasu - Speaker's decision

koto ni narimasu - Someone else's decision

It seems like soccer is also popular in Japan.

It seems, It looks

mitai desu - It seems

mitai desu - Figurative

Nihon wa bukka ga takai desu; wa-ga structure

sugimasu - too big, too small

It looks like Japanese society is also changing.

Expressing a change

yoo ni narimasu - I come to / I become able to eat, read, speak, etc.

dake vs. shika - only

A dake janaku, B mo - not only A, but also B

I booked the room number 2.

Do something in advance

-te okimasu - do something in advance

-te arimasu - something has been done

I finished reading the book I bought yesterday.

Expressing something has been completely finished

-te shimaimashita - expressing completion

-te shimaimashita - expressing speaker's regret"

-chatta, -jatta

It looks like Japanese economy is getting better.

It seems, It looks or I heard

rashii desu - It seems, I heard

yoo desu - It seems, It looks

The food is good, prices are low, ... What is more, ...

Listing two or more factors

-shi, -shi, - "A and B and ... what is more"

-toka, -toka, - "A, B and C, etc."

Verb Stem + yasui, nikui - easy to do" & "difficult to do"

I bought a electric dictionary for studying Kanji.

Expressing purpose - for, in order to or so that

tame ni, - expressing purpose

yoo ni,

no ni,

It seems like more people are now buying stocks.

Starting or Continuation of an action or state

-te kuru - expressing starting, continuation, etc.

-te iku

-naide - without doing

They are not flying the planes because of the snow.

Indicating a cause - Because

te form - indicatinf a cause

tame ni - indicating a cause

baai - in case of, when

jikan-doori - on time, "as", "like"

My client called me when I was just about to leave.

Just about to do

tokoro desu - just about to do

-ta tokoro desu- have just done

-yoo to shita toki - just I was about to do

-yoo to shita kedo - I tried to do

It was built in the end of 14th century.

Passive Sentence Structure

Verb Passive form

Passive sentences

How do you do. My name is Sasaki. Please come in.

Honorific Expressions - Respectful & Humble

Irasshaimasu, mairimasu - Honorific Verbs

O + Stem + shimasu, narimasu

O + Stem + kudasai

Other Honorific Expressions

I will try to exercise as much as possible.

Expressing speaker's effort

yoo ni shimasu - I try to do

yoo ni shite kudasai - Making a request or direction

-te hoshii desu, -te moraitai - I want him to do

We just got this copier fixed, but it's broken again.

But, although & Only doing, keep doing

no ni - but, although, in spite of

-ta bakari - just done

-te bakari - only, keep doing

I should have gone too.

Expressing the speaker's regret - I should have done

-ba yokatta - I should have done

-ba ii noni, -ba yokatta noni - You should have done

-ba ii desu - It will be fine if it is

-ta mama - leave something as it is

He makes his students write an essay everyday.

Causative Structures

Verb Causative form - ikasemasu, kakasemasu

Causative structures

It says "Stop!".

Verb Imperative Form

Tomare!, Hashiruna! - Imperative form

-te wa ikemasen - "prohibition", "forbidden"

dooiu imi desu ka? - What does it mean?

Appendices

Numbers

Time Words

Number Counters

Frequency & Degree

Family Members

Colors & Measurement

Adjective List

Verb List

Transitive & Intransitive

Vocabulary